What does "thermal shock" refer to?

Thermal shock refers to the stress on equipment that occurs due to rapid temperature changes. When a material experiences sudden temperature variations, it can lead to differential expansion or contraction, which generates internal stresses. These stresses can cause materials to crack, deform, or fail if they exceed the material's capacity to withstand such changes. This concept is particularly relevant in applications involving boilers, heat exchangers, and other heat-sensitive equipment where maintaining stable temperatures is crucial to prevent damage. Understanding thermal shock is essential for ensuring the longevity and reliability of various industrial systems.